"Introduction to Biology"

 

 

Introduction to Biology 

• The study of living things and their vital processes is called biology. All things physical about life are covered in biochemistry. The modern trend towards interdisciplinary research and the integration of scientific knowledge and research from different disciplines has resulted in the field of biology being significantly integrated with other scientific disciplines. Modern principles from other fields—chemistry, medicine, and physics, for example—are integrated with biology in fields such as biochemistry, biomedicine, and biophysics, etc.

• As a result of the development of increasingly powerful and precise laboratory instruments and techniques, understanding with high precision and accuracy not only the ultimate physiochemical organization (ultrastructure) of molecules in living matter, but also how living matter reproduces, and can be explained. At the molecular level. All organisms, regardless of their individuality, share certain biological, chemical, and physical characteristics. For example, all are composed of basic units called cells and the same chemical substances, which, upon analysis, reveal remarkable similarities, even in organisms as different as bacteria and humans. A common origin of life would explain why all living things, humans or bacteria—and all life forms in between—have the same chemical substance, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), in the form of genes. Causes the ability to develop in all environments.

• Whenever there is a change (mutation) in a gene, there is some kind of change in the organism that contains the gene. This universal phenomenon gives rise to differences (variations) in the population of organisms from which nature selects for survival those who are best able to cope with changing conditions in the environment. 

• All branches of biology are interconnected by basic principles, although they are divided into separate branches for convenience of study. In botany, plants are studied separately from animals (zoology), pathology, food sciences, and pharmacy, and in biotechnology, they're studied together.