"Intellectual Development"

 

INTRODUCTION

Cognition is the study of thought processes and activities of the human mind which lead to the acquisition of new knowledge and skills.

Intellect: In the study of the human mind, the term refers to and identifies the ability of the mind to reach correct conclusions about what is true and what is false, and about how to solve problems.

Focus on cognition + intelligence to INTELLECTUAL development 

Definition Of Intelligence

The term intelligence has been described differently by different experts with little agreement over what factors or dimensions comprise its structure (Berk,2013; O’Donnell, Reeve,&Smith,2012; Woolfolk,2014). This is because it is an abstract and broad concept that is not directly measurable like some other human traits.

The theoretical positions

1. The tri-archic theory of intelligence

Intelligence is composed of three basic components including

1. Analytical Components

2. Creative and experiential.

3. Practical contextual

2. Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligence

1. Logical-mathematical

2. Linguistic

3. Spatial

4. Musical

5. The bodily-kinesthetic

6. Interpersonal

7. The intrapersonal

8. Naturalistic

3. Emotional intelligence

INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT FROM INFANCY TO CHILDHOOD

1. Piaget's theory

Sensorimotor. Birth through ages 18-24 months

Preoperative. Toddlerhood (18-24 months) through early childhood (age 7).

Concrete is operational. Ages 7 to 11

Formal and operational. Adolescence through adulthood

2. Vygotsky’s Socio-Cultural Theory

Social Cultural Theory is based on three important aspects:

· Social Interaction

· Culture

· Language

Educational implications of social constructivism

A. Planning and organizing classroom instruction and lessons

B. Use hints

C. Teachers can help us to attain higher skills and learning.

E. Help to learn complex learning through support.

F. Through play and imagination children can stretch their conceptual abilities and knowledge.

 The Role of Teachers in Intellectual Development

Helping learners get to the top of a problem By far Burner's influential work for teachers was on the concept of `scaffolding`.